location匹配符号规则

=    精确匹配
     如: =/123     如果写全那就是: www.chenleilei.net/123
~    模糊匹配(区分大小写)
    
~*   模糊匹配(不区分大小写,一般用这个)

^~   不用正则表达式,只匹配常规字符.   优先匹配.

匹配实验:

vim nginx.conf
#---------------------------------------------
server {
serve;r_name www.leilei.com;
root html/www;
index inde.html index.htm;

#实验1
location / {
	return 401;
}

#实验2
location = / {
	return 402;
}

#实验3
location /doc/ {
	return 301;
}

#实验4
location  ^~ /images/ {
	return 404;
}

#实验5
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg) {
	return 500;
}

}
#---------------------------------------------


访问测试1 :
[root@nginx-test nginx]# curl  -I 10.0.0.70
HTTP/1.1 402 Payment Required       #  匹配了 "实验2" ,也就是说 = 是精准匹配,他优先级高于所有
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2020 09:24:23 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 167
Connection: keep-alive

结论:  = 优先级 1 

访问测试2 : location /doc/ 
[root@nginx-test nginx]# curl  -I 10.0.0.70/doc/
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden             # 匹配了 "实验3"  他的优先级第二
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2020 09:27:03 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 153
Connection: keep-alive


访问测试3: location  ^~ /images/
在  /images/ 创建 1.jpg
[root@nginx-test nginx]# curl  -I 10.0.0.70/images/
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently       ## 如果这里面没有这个目录是不会显示301,而显示404,但是这里显示的就是 
Server: nginx/1.16.1                 ## 301,说明规则生效了
Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2020 09:37:14 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
Location: 


访问测试4:  location / {
#访问一个不存在的页面 出现401
[root@nginx-test nginx]# curl  -I 10.0.0.70/q.html
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2020 09:50:54 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 179
Connection: keep-alive
当不匹配所有的时候,他会匹配 /



从实验得出权重顺序: 
 =    优先级最高 1
 ^~   优先级  2

/doc/ 优先级3
~     优先级3   模糊匹配(区分大小写)
~*    优先级3   模糊匹配(不区分大小写)
/     优先级4   所以规则都不匹配是,默认匹配.

rewrite 正则讲解:

rewrite ^/(.*)  www.baidu.com/$1 permanent;

^/(.*)  这是和sed正则取IP是一个意思,后面的 $1

取IP:
[root@nginx-test nginx]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.70  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe48:a0ce  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:48:a0:ce  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6301  bytes 603407 (589.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4527  bytes 584730 (571.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@nginx-test nginx]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -nr 's#^.*inet (.*) netma.*$#\1#gp'
10.0.0.70 
取多个:
[root@nginx-test nginx]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -nr 's#^.*inet (.*) .*netmask (.*) broa.*$#\1\n\2#gp'
10.0.0.70 
255.255.255.0 

http跳转的多种方法

第一种:

#添加一个跳转域名信息的虚拟主机

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name chenleilei.net;
	rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.chenleilei.net/$1 permanent;
}
server {
	listen 80;
	server_name www.chenleilei.net;
	root html;
	index index.htm index.html index.php;
}

第二种:

#通过if指令来进行判断跳转

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name www.chenleilei.net;
	root html/www;
	index index.html index.php;
	if ( $host ~* ^chenleilei.net$){
	rewite ^/(.*) http://www.chenleilei.net/$1 permanent;
	}
	}

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